“Red 40,” from Reading the Back, C-41 35mm film, 2023

Megan Bainbridge
“Red 40,” from Reading the Back, C-41 35mm film, 2023

All the images below are part of an ongoing series entitled “Reading the Back,” where I photograph items found in the grocery store that contain ingredients that are restricted (or at least require warning labels) in countries across Europe due to health concerns.

I obscure the names of the food brands by painting a black and white negative (a homage to cliché verre) and layering it with the C-41 photograph I had taken. As a third layer, I incorporate another black and white negative that I have ink stamped with text that references the ingredient of concern I had found in the food product by reading the ingredients listed on its back.

This project is inspired by a concept from my childhood; whenever my family visited with our family in Germany, my mother would bring along a large, empty suitcase that she filled with chocolate from Germany to bring back to the U.S. When I asked why, she said that even the German chocolates that were the same brand sold in the U.S. had different ingredients because Germany has higher standards for regulating ingredients put in food. As a young adult, I have returned to this concept with questions about what my health would look like if I, too, grew up in Germany and grocery shopped there. On a larger scale, I question the health standards for food sold in the U.S.

Below is the artist statement for the piece "Red 40":

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According to “Toxicology of Food Dyes,” a 2012 review published in the International Journal of Occupational Environmental Health, “all of the nine currently US-approved dyes raise health concerns of varying degrees. Red 3 causes cancer in animals, and there is evidence that several other dyes also are carcinogenic. Three dyes (Red 40, Yellow 5, and Yellow 6) have been found to be contaminated with benzidine or other carcinogens. At least four dyes (Blue 1, Red 40, Yellow 5, and Yellow 6) cause hypersensitivity reactions,” (Kobylewski Toxicology of food...)

In addition, after a 2007 study at the University of Southampton found that “Artificial colours or a sodium benzoate preservative (or both) in the diet result in increased hyperactivity in 3-year-old and 8/9-year-old children in the general population,” the EU implemented a standard in 2010 that products that contain the six food dyes from the study (Allura Red (Red 40), Ponceau, Tartrazine (Yellow 5), Sunset Yellow (Yellow 6), Quinoline Yellow and Carmoisine) must include the following warning label: “may have an adverse effect on activity and attention in children,” (McCann et al. Food additives and...; Evich Politico Pro: Europe...; Ma, Food Colours and...). Pictured is a bag of kid-themed sour gummy snack that contains the additive Red 40 in my local U.S. grocery store.

 

Works Cited

Evich, Helena Bottemiller. “Politico pro: Europe Reaffirms Food Dye Safety Ahead of FDA Study.” Subscriber.Politicopro.Com, Politico LLC, 29 July 2014, subscriber.politicopro.com/article/2014/07/europe-reaffirms- food-dye-safety-ahead-of-fda-study-036814.


Kobylewski, Sarah, and Michael F. Jacobson. “Toxicology of food dyes.” International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, vol. 18, no. 3, 2012, pp. 220–246, https://doi.org/10.1179/1077352512z.00000000034.


Ma, Janny. “Food Colours and Hyperactivity in Children.” Food Colours and Hyperactivity in Children, Centre for Food Safety: The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 16 Nov. 2018, www.cfs.gov.hk/english/multimedia/multimedia_pub/multimedi a_pub_fsf_48_01.html#:~:text=From%2020%20July%202010% 2C%20foods,contain%20certain%20artificial%20food%20colou rs.


McCann, Donna, et al. “Food additives and hyperactive behaviour in 3-year-old and 8/9-year-old children in the community: A randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.” The Lancet, vol. 370, no. 9598, 6 Sept. 2007, pp. 1560–1567, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61306-3.

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If you felt particularly moved, inspired, or educated by this piece, consider supporting the work that I do by purchasing a print, t-shirt, sticker or magnet from the megarten.shop. My business is small, queer and woman-owned, and artist-run. Plus, all of my artwork is human-generated. You can learn more about me as an artist here.
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